Unlike most notodontids, Theroa zethus larvae feed on plants that emit copious latex when damaged.To determine how the larvae overcome this defense, we filmed final instars on poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima, then simulated their behaviors and tested how the behaviors individually and combined affect latex exudation.Larvae initially scraped the s
Situation of lichens of aquatic and transient habitats in Eastern and East-Central European lowlands is discussed basing on example of several selected species: Leptogium biatorinum, Sarcosagium campestre, Steinia geophana, Verrucaria aquatilis, V.hydrela, V.praetermissa, here V.xyloxena.Both habitat types are generally very much neglected in the r
Cristina Bucchi,1,2 Massimo del Fabbro,3,4 Alain Arias,2 Ramón Fuentes,2 José Manuel Mendes,5 Marie Ordonneau,6 Valérie Orti,7 María-Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes6 1PhD Program in Medicine and Translational Research, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 2Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Research Cent